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The Rediscovered Kashmiri Intellect

Rishi Kashyapa

Rishi Kashyapa

Rishi Kashyapa

(1500-1000 BCE)
The place Kashmir is named after him. He is a revered Vedic sage of Hinduism. He is one of the Saptarishis, the seven ancient sages of the Rigveda. Kashyapa is the most ancient and venerated rishi, along with the other Saptarishis, listed in the colophon verse in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.

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Bharata Muni

Rishi Kashyapa

Rishi Kashyapa

(500 BC)
He is the Founder of the Natya Shastra.
He is traditionally attributed authorship of the influential performing arts treatise Natya Shastra, which covers ancient Indian dance, dramaturgy, poetics, and music.


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Kumārajīva

Rishi Kashyapa

Buddhabhadra

(344–413 CE)
He was a Buddhist monk, scholar, missionary and translator from Kucha (present-day Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, China). Kumārajīva is seen as one of the greatest translators of Chinese Buddhism. According to Lu Cheng, Kumarajiva's translations are "unparalleled either in terms of translation technique or degree of fidelity".


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Buddhabhadra

Abhinavagupta

Buddhabhadra

(359-429 CE)
He was an Indian Mahayana Buddhist meditation and Vinaya master. He is most known for his prolific translation efforts of Buddhist texts from Sanskrit into Chinese, and was responsible for the first Chinese translation of the Avataṃsaka Sūtra (Flower Ornament Scripture) in the 5th century. In China he is often known as the "Meditation Master from India".

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Charaka

Abhinavagupta

Abhinavagupta

(500 BCE)
He was one of the principal contributors to Ayurveda, a system of medicine and lifestyle developed in ancient India. He is known as a physician who edited the medical treatise entitled Charaka Samhita, one of the foundational texts of classical Indian medicine and Ayurveda, included under Brhat-Trayi.


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Abhinavagupta

Abhinavagupta

Abhinavagupta

(950 AD)
He was an influential musician, poet, dramatist, exegete, theologian, and logician a polymathic personality who exercised strong influences on Indian culture.


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Utpaldeva

Utpaldeva

Utpaldeva

(900 AD)
Researched on philosophy, He belonged to the Trika Shaiva tradition and is the most important thinker of the Pratyabhijñā school of monistic idealism.


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Vaṭeśvara

Utpaldeva

Utpaldeva

(880 AD)
He was a tenth-century Indian mathematician from Kashmir who presented several trigonometric identities. He was the author (at the age of 24) of the Vaṭeśvara-siddhānta, written in 904 AD, a treatise focusing on astronomy and applied mathematics.

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Kalidasa

Utpaldeva

Vasugupta

(4th -5th  century CE)
He was a Gupta era Classical Sanskrit author and playwright. His plays and poetry are primarily based on Hindu Puranas and philosophy.


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Vasugupta

Somananda

Vasugupta

(~ 800 – 850 CE)
He was the author of the Shiva Sutras, an important text of the Advaita tradition of Kashmir Shaivism, also called Trika (sometimes called Trika Yoga).


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Somananda

Somananda

Somananda

(875–925 CE)
He was one of the teachers of Kashmir Shaivism, in the lineage of Trayambaka, author of the first philosophical treatise of this school, Śivadṛṣṭi.

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Suyya Pandit

Jayanta Bhatta

Jayanta Bhatta

Hydraulic Engineering (855 AD)
Suyya came to be known as a great engineer of King Avantivarman’s court. Owing to the waterlogged condition of Kashmir due to constant flooding, cultivation had declined.

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Jayanta Bhatta

Jayanta Bhatta

Jayanta Bhatta

Law (850 AD)
A Kashmiri poet, teacher, logician, and an advisor to King Sankaravarman. He was a philosopher of the Nyaya school of Hindu philosophy.He authored three works on Nyāya philosophy.

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Anandavardhana

Jayanta Bhatta

Anandavardhana

(c. 820 – 890 CE)
He was the author of the Dhvanyāloka, or A Light on Suggestion (dhvani), a work articulating the philosophy of "aesthetic suggestion".


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Rudrata

Sarangadeva

Anandavardhana

(9th Century)
Sanskrit Literature Solving Knight's Tour Problem, Computer scientist Donald Knuth showed that Rudrata's visual pattern poetry when arranged on a grid Ratnākara’s tour yields a complete Hamiltonian cycle if you rotate one copy of it under another by 180 degrees.


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Bhamaha

Sarangadeva

Sarangadeva

(7th Century)
Aesthetic, Poet, Later Kashmiri writers often treat Bhāmaha as the founding father of Sanskrit poetics and, by the same token, make him stand for everything that is old school, a trend that must have begun with Udbhaṭa (c. 800) and his vast commentary on Bhāmaha’s work.


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Sarangadeva

Sarangadeva

Sarangadeva

(1175 AD)
Musicology, 13th-century Indian musicologist who authored Sangita Ratnakara – the classical Sanskrit text on music and drama. It is considered to be the authoritative treatise in Indian classical music by both the Hindustani music and the Carnatic music traditions.

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Somananda

Somananda

Somananda

(875 AD)
Savism, His philosophy is both idealistic-monism and theistic. In essence, he states that Everything is Shiva.Besides being "all-things", Shiva is also chit-ananda - consciousness and bliss. He is in possession of an absolutely free will, Svatantrya, with which he creates the manifestation without the use of any external instruments or materials. He manifests through his powers of knowledge and action.


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Utpala

Somananda

Somananda

(10th Century)
He was an astronomer from Kashmir region of present-day India, who lived in the 10th century (or according to one theory, in the 9th century). He wrote several Sanskrit-language texts on astrology and astronomy.

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Kalhana

Somananda

Vishnu Sharma

(1148 AD)
History, author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149.


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Vishnu Sharma

Vishnu Sharma

Vishnu Sharma

(1200 BC)
Moral Science, Indian scholar and author who wrote the Panchatantra, a collection of fables, Panchatantra is one of the most widely translated non-religious books in history.


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Laleshwari

Vishnu Sharma

Laleshwari

(1320-1392 AD)
She is also known locally as Lal Ded. She was a Kashmiri mystic of the Kashmir Shaivism school of Hindu philosophy. She was the creator of the style of mystic poetry called vatsun or Vakhs, literally "speech" (from Sanskrit vāc). Known as Lal Vakhs, her verses are the earliest compositions in the Kashmiri language and are an important part in the history of modern Kashmiri literature.

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